Descent Device or Descender: A metal device through which the rope passes; designed to create friction, as needed, during a rappel. Petzl Stop Designer. I'm about seven miles into the canyon, at the midpoint of my descent, the narrow slot above the 65-foot-high rappel marked as Big Drop in my guidebook. Javier Saucedo, Chris Stevens, hank moon and 1 other person like this. The canyoneering route for Water Canyon starts at the same trailhead for the Water Canyon trail. Lets you use a stacked, or pre-rigged, rappel. As a result, I rarely use it anymore. Here is my report to Sterling (slightly edited): Matt Andrews Sterling Ropes, Biddeford Maine August 31, 2010 Dear Matt – Thank you for the opportunity to try out the ATS descender. We test many articles (see Instagram, Facebook) before take in the range. Step 2. Clip the smaller hole of the Figure 8. Before connecting the rappel device, it is important to verify that the rope has been secured to a reliable anchor point. Quinlan, charlie wylie, Johnny Automatic, Catherine Yronwode, Unknown Artists] on. Great belay device. Or use your Grigri. com. Make sure both ends of the rope are touching the ground. 51st Ave, Unit 76, Laveen, AZ 85339, U. With the rappel extended, you can get rope angles at the device approaching 180 degrees, and this by itself provides somewhat more control. If still stuck, use a knife or sharp object to cut the rope above where it is stuck. Your essential rappelling equipment: harness, rappel device, personal tether, locking carabiners, ropes, and helmet. One advantage of a Figure of Eight rappel device is that it can be locked off on the rope, a useful trick for some circumstances. The device, plus the belayer's quick "braking hand" (which locks off the free end of the rope), helps keep tension on the rope and helps protect the climber at the other end. 6. This optional rappel drops us into a waist-deep pool. E. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Hoodoo-SL Canyoneering Rappelling Device (Atomic Green) at Amazon. The rack also won’t get your rope twisted which also helps for a smooth, controlled rappel. Clip device into both distal extending sling loops with carabiner. If you want to put your third hand below your rappel device, you MUST extend your rappel device. The autoblock is a low friction prusik on the tag end of the rope where you would hold it with your strong hand. CAMP Cassin Piu. 598961. Makes belaying more relaxing especially when the leader sepnds heaps of time falling or just hanging around. Hoodoo may have some religious elements, but it is not a religion. It weighs just 45 pounds and has a weight capacity of 300 pounds. Along the way, there is a small tree, about 10ft back from the edge, with anchors for an optional rappel. Step 3: Setup. A rappel extension is not required for this carabiner brake, but it's good practice to use one, so we're showing it. But many, many more people still conflate the two. It allows you to adjust the friction setting on the fly and fit your rope, weight, and fireman effect. 1. A large, pear-shaped carabiner allows more room for the knot to move and “flip” freely so it can engage or release braking power, but any locker will work. Jessica was a trooper and volunteered to go up to set up the rappel. 4. You can change your friction with an ATC before your descent, you can change it on-the-fly with a z rig, you can lock off mid rappel, and it's a simple device to use. Tie an overhand or a figure-8 knot at the midpoint of the sling. So begins an ordinary hero's six-day ordeal of grit, pain, and. HOODOO CANYONEERING RAPPEL DEVICE The Hoodoo was engineered specifically for the dynamic friction demands of Technical Canyoneering. You should be able to use GPS to map your way there. With so many different models on the market, it's hard to select the right one. SQWUREL V4 Differences from V3. Runner Up: The Canyonwerks CRITR 2. Symmetry allows flipping that extends the life of the device. The rope, harness, and rappel device protect the rappeler against a fall. Read our complete buyers guide for belay devices. Shipping Info. Rodcle and Imlay make some of the best canyoneering packs around. Establishing a secure connection with the rappel device is an important step in the process of using the device. Wallis & Futuna ($) USD. Western Sahara ($) USD. Step 6: Go Down with a Guide Finger. Optional but recommended: test pull. Petzl Grigri 2 - Best Overall. If rappelling both strands, thread both strands through the big hole and around the neck. The bars create the friction for a controlled descent. Weight: 156 grams Length: 159mm Width. Keep Your Safety: It uses the friction between the rope and the Descender device to slow down the descent or brake. The device, plus the belayer's quick "braking hand" (which locks off the free end of the rope), helps keep tension on the rope and helps protect the climber at the other end. On Rope Canyoneering, LLC, 9307 S. Take one end of the rope and wrap it around your rappel line. (On Rappel) Using Belay Or Rappel Device - The Joy Of Hiking. Belay Devices And Descenders. The friction the rappel device creates on the rope allows you to control your speed and descend safely. Thread the rope: Take one end of the climbing rope and thread it through the rappel device. There are advantages and disadvantages to rappelling both ways. Lower casualty onto rescuer. 4. Set the rappel device up on the rope with a locking carabiner. It can be used for canyoneering, belaying and rappelling. HOODOO CANYONEERING RAPPEL DEVICE The Hoodoo was engineered specifically for the dynamic friction demands of Technical Canyoneering. Topic Author's Original Post - Dec 4, 2017 - 03:09pm PT. (See first picture on the photos page. Rappel Devices. The instructions on the harness are VERY clear - tie the rope in through the harness tie-in points. You will take a cable car to the top of the 3558ft high Table Mountain. It is about an 80ft drop down to the canyon wall. Aliexpress > Sports & Entertainment > "rapsel" > Results for rapsel. 9-9. 3 What I Don’t Like About the ATS. Easier to rig your rappel device correctly, especially if you have on lots of clothing. Step into the foot-loop and stand up, taking the weight off your belay device. Get a firm hold on the brake strands in a locked-off position, and then just undo the tethers that link you to the anchor. Would you like to tell us about a lower price? Petzl Unisex's Rig Accessory for Climbing, Yellow, UNI. Add for $5. , Moab, UT 84532, United States of America – Excellent location – show map. Rappelling device: A belay device or rappel rack; Harness: Make sure it’s comfortable and fits properly; Climbing rope: The length depends on the height of your route; Carabiners: At least two are required (one for the rappel device and one for the anchor) Webbing or cord: To build an anchor or backup; Helmet: For head protectionIt is the best device for half-rope belaying and does everything else well besides. A 602-730-5226 Contact@OnRopeCanyoneering. Descend on prusiks until just above casualty. 2 offers from $22. Stand with the rope on your right side, and pinch a section of it and tuck it through the larger ring of the Figure 8 from the bottom. HOODOO SL RAPPEL DEVICE. A 602-730-5226 Contact@OnRopeCanyoneering. Subscribe to our newsletter. Best to. Rappelling without a typical belay device can be done in three ways: Just using one belay loop and a solitary rope rappel alongside your companion. You can add two or three bolt-hangers in the belay appeal system. It is located on Water Canyon Road in Hildale, Utah. ATC guide is pretty much the gold standard belay device for mountaineering. The device is compatible with ropes measuring 8. $145. . 95. What is the Best Rappel Device for Canyoneering? As mentioned in this article, I used to prefer using an 8 Ring as my primary rappel device. 1 to 9. The device, plus the belayer’s quick “braking hand” (which locks off the free end of the rope), helps keep tension on the rope and helps protect the climber at the other end. If you have numerous long raps the twist become an issue. 5. The rope, harness, and rappel device protect the rappeler against a fall. 4 Best Knots for Rappel Ropes. CRITR3 !!! Critrs in four colors available for immediate Purple is back! An innovative rappel device from Todd and Desi. Descend devices. Handled descenders are very specific on the size of rope. Part of the new wave of rappel devices that allow changes in friction while. Thread one end of the rope through the rappel rings. The friction the rappel device creates on the rope allows you to control your speed and descend safely. us. Search Anywhere, Anytime! Scan or click to download. In climbing and mountaineering, proper use of belay devices is the cornerstone of the belay chain. 40. Choose from four colors and sizes. Width: 3. It increases the friction and reduces the speed of descent. 2. If your partner is not pre-rigged, do a test pull of the rope by pulling down a few meters on the pull strand to be sure. On the slopes of Mount Hood, six explorers set off in a line up the Sandy Glacier. Pull the loop through, and go around the ‘neck,’ or bottom of the 8 ring. 5 to 11 mm, half 7. 3 in. com #americancanyoneeringdevices #onropecanyoneering #hoodoosl #availablenowineurope #canyonzoneRappelling Device, HOODOO-SL — On Rope Canyoneering, ATS Device. Ito Rocky Climbing Stop Descender Rappelling Anti-Panic Belay Devices for 9-12mm Rope Rescue Equipment Hand Controls Desingned. Our most versatile belay/rappel device, the Black Diamond ATC-Guide is now 10% lighter and features improved handling in guide mode. This is a great starting point for most people with most ropes. Rappel down the upper rope, and stop when you get just above the butterfly. In real world use, we couldn't get a belay device over 135 °C (275 °F) In simulated extreme conditions we could get a belay device over 170 °C (338 °F) and even into 250 °C (482 °F) with extreme loads; The speed of the rappel definitely affected the temperature of the belay device (faster rappel = hotter belay device)1 - Clip a locking carabiner into the “ear” on your rappel device. Straddle the rope and pull both ends between your legs toward your back. You need to build an anchor or rappel station and then double. The Hoodoo Rappel devices are great for rappelling while descending a canyon or just rappelling off a fun cliff face. Let’s explore some of its key benefits: 1. 4. The Munter is a poor choice if you are doing anything more than a short rappel to the ground. Tools & Devices ZZIPS Cut Kit Sliver. It is about 50ft down through another narrow slot. Wonderful. One advantage of a Figure of Eight rappel device is that it can be locked off on the rope, a useful trick for some circumstances. 6 What I Don’t Like About The CRITR2. (6) Compare. We highly recommend the Hoodoo Descender / Belay device Between Rappel 2 and Rappel 3 is a fun little slide into a pool that leads to a big pour-off. A climbing helmet, hiking shoes, gloves, and of course, comfortable clothes are a must if. When I made the decision I wanted to join RMRU I started hiking more and eating better. 0 - 10. Begin by securing one locking carabiner or two non-locking carabiners to the belay loop of your harness. Others have their preferences for similar designs from other brands, but I am pretty confident more mountains have been climbed with the ATC guide than any other. Rapterman and hank moon like this. Rappel Extensions: When descending, it is necessary to have a rappel device available as well as a sling/tether system to enable clipping in to subsequent rappel anchors. How to Choose Belay Devices. If you have a plaquette style belay device such as a DMM Pivot or ATC Guide, try this: feed the rope as for a normal rappel. VERSO Compact, lightweight belay/rappel device, for use with one or two rope strands and for rappelling. Since I already had a trolling motor I wasn't using, I made a mount for my Hoodoo to mount the TM on and designed it off the photo of the one on Native's website. The Rack is made of lightweight aluminum. Fireman’s belay. Attach an autoblock to the rope leaving enough room to also attach your rappel device. The Reverso offers plenty of friction when belaying and rappelling. Depending on the water level, you can rappel. ) The ATC presents a different set of problems, and I have very little. The leader pre-rigged the follower’s rappel device and locking carabiner above his. Explore durable climbing belay & rappel devices from Black Diamond to gear up for your next descent. $59. . 99. 2 mm, and twin 6. Users share their experiences, questions, and feedback on the device's features, weight, and performance. Item No. rapte. The Hoodoo is milled from aluminum alloy and then soft anodized. The operation while belaying will look and feel mostly like that of a tubular belay, with a small twist. In the middle of the rope, tie a big knot, such as a figure 8 knot, on a bight. Simple to install, thanks to the usage diagram, they can be used with ropes of different diameters. This can be avoided by being mindful of. Designed to accommodate common canyoneering rope sizes from 8mm-10mm. The multi-purpose, lightweight REVERSO is a belay/rappel device designed for belaying and rappelling. It’s important to know about the different types of rappelling so that you’re aware of what’s appropriate for what situations, and any differences in the gear you need to carry. Extending your rappel also makes it easier to rappel as you can hold the rope. Hook: Used as rigging for ghosting. 00 Add to cart. The rappel device can be extended using either a piece of webbing or cordage to move the device away from the body and the harness, preventing accidental damage . They should also. The Hoodoo works great with both double rope and single rope technique. After the first person, usually best to tighten the guide line once. Any ATC device is designed with two tubular slots. Longest Rappel: ≈ 150'. Azarxis 35 kN 50 kN Climbing Rescue Figure 8 Descender Large Bent-Ear Rigging Plate Heavy Duty & High Strength Rappel Device Equipment for Rappelling Belaying Tree Climbing Aerial Silks Rigging Visit the Azarxis Store Hogwarts Canyon is a fun, beautiful, and fairly short canyon in North Wash, Utah. Stand with the rope on your right side, and pinch a section of it and tuck it through the larger ring of the Figure 8 from the bottom. It's provides you with the ability to "add friction" during mid rappel and "lock off" during mid rappel as needed. Page 2 of 2 < Prev 1 2. Weight. Survivor™ 8. Used for rock climbing, tree climbing, fire rescue, expansion, mountaineering, cavern, engineering protection, aerial. 1 offer from $29. Religion & Spirituality Kindle eBooks @ Amazon. is because practitioners of hoodoo consider it to be a living thing. Machined from 9. Unlike other devices on the market, the El Diablo can be used with either the right or left hand. The view under the arch on rappel 2 is definitely worth the trip! Disclaimer: Please respect the area and minimize the impact on the environment while canyoneering or hiking. Hanging rappels. The distance between the rappel device and the autoblock will be further apart. It was introduced into the market by Black Diamond, which is the same company that invented climbing cams and nuts. Suitable for Rappelling. Versatile design accepts ropes from 7. If installed first, allows rap device to be threaded without rope weight, reducing the chance of ending up with only one strand threaded. Read honest and unbiased product reviews. Reason: you always want to be able to reach above your rappel device to put on a prusik in case you need to unweight your device. The view under the arch on rappel 2 is. Difficult for left handers. Hoodoo was good about sending replacements for free, but I think the guy punted the kayak because he'd replaced the handle 3 times and Hoodoo wouldn't send anymore. ago. Continue to wrap the rope around your rappel line, moving vertically up the rappel rope so each wrap stacks on top of the previous one. hoodoo definition: 1. #4. To use the munter mule rigging, you must first build or place an anchor. How To Tie-Off A Belay Device - Trad Climbing - VDiff Climbing. 535322, -109. #1. Rappelling, also known as abseiling in some parts of the world, is a technique of lowering oneself down a rope using a rappel device. The downside to this method is you should use nylon and the tether is not all that long as tying the master point eats up a lot of material. Symmetry allows flipping that extends the life of the device. Tie a stopper knot onto both ends of the rope. The ATC-XP is a pretty good rappel device for dry canyons (Canyon Ratings), and non-flowing wet canyons (Class A and Class B). Simply put, Voodoo is a formal religion whose practitioners often use ritual to heal; Hodoo is an individualistic divination practice with few formal rules. Hoodoo Moab, Curio Collection by Hilton. The two have worked together since 1978, initially at Gleason's first company, Kletterwerks, where Sippel-Bake was a production sewer, and since 2000 at Mystery Ranch, which they co-founded. A good bridge into assisted braking for those most familiar with tube or plate style belay devices, passively assisted braking devices tend to be small, simple and lightweight. For me, the jury is still out on friction hitches. The solution to both of these problems is to tie both ends of the rope together. It is the start of the infamous Subway in Zion National Park. It was created by enslaved people from various spiritual practices that they adapted to the land they found themselves in. PEAK Rescue Figure 8 Descender Climbing Gear Downhill Equipment Rigging Plate Rappeling Device for Rock Climbing/Aluminum Alloy. I use the gigajul, but a Pivot or atc guide is fine, honestly they all seem to work fine on double stranded ATC, in my experience (prob only 30 or so raps on two-strand 6mm semi-static line). Most people put the autoblock on their leg loop and don't extend the rappel device. Using a swivel can greatly reduce the chances of rope twist. Rappel devices like the Black Diamond ATC or a Petzl Reverso are great choices since they are strong and easy to use. Yes. The Hoodoo belay device is a device for descending a rope while canyoneering or rock climbing. For the experienced climber, this is not an essential rock climbing rappelling gear but having at. Discussion in 'Tech Tips and Gear' started by Jeff Schaber, Jun 25, 2018. Features: Auto locking belay device. It brings an added level of safety while. Prussicks are independent of the rap device, autoblocks require the rap device to work properly. 2 - Unweight your device using one of the methods mentioned just above, and clip the “ear” onto your belay loop. 1. Technical Details I acquired my Hoodoo as a donation from On Rope Canyoneering LLC in 2016. Add to cart. The canyon walls are covered with lush ferns and vegetation. Page 2 of 2 < Prev 1 2. The lightweight the Reverso is a multi-functional belay/rappel device designed for cragging, multi-pitch climbing and mountaineering. 2 mm. It is compatible with most rope diameters: single 8. Rodcle Chest Strap Kit. This canyon will require a 60 meter rope, harnesses and rapelling devices. Unfortunately, many still believe that Voodoo and Hoodoo are one in the same (if they are aware of Hoodoo at all), and may look on them. Eventually, we reached Keyhole Falls. Pull both ropes to the side toward your dominant “braking hand” to hold on tight for descending. Rappel 9 is a short 15ft drop over some logs into a pool below. Fits Rope Sizes. Rappel Devices, Tech Tips tjones November 27, 2012 Canyoneering, Gear for Canyoneering, how-to, Rappel Devices, Rope Descenders, figure eight knots, figure eight, tech tips. Store DirectionsPritchett Safari Route Approach. Clip a short tether (no longer than 6 in) from rescuer belay loop to casualty belay loop. Small Business. 9-mei-2020 - New colors of the Hoodoo SL device arrived and are from now on available @canyonzone. Rappel 3 for S’mores Canyon (Frye Creek Canyon) is 2 stages, about 80ft. The Hoodoo StingrayHero Images / Getty Images. Self-braking descenders. How to Rappel with a GriGri. 100 W. Rappel 3 for S’mores Canyon (Frye Creek Canyon) is 2 stages, about 80ft. . Hammer Hoodoo Canyon is a great trip through the Secret Mountain Wilderness area down to the west fork of Oak Creek offering spectacular views along the way. com: Hoodoo-SL Canyoneering Rappelling Device : Deportes y Actividades al Aire Libre Omitir e ir al contenido principal. It is an essential device for climbing safety. The rope hole is shorter than normal, so it may provide too much friction on stiff or muddy ropes. Ascenders are climbing devices that clip onto the rope, often used in mountaineering. 7K views 3 years ago #Canyoneering #Rappelling #UtahSlotCanyon I was sent a Hoodoo Rappel Device by Joshua Norman, a viewer who knew how much I loved my CRITR rappel device and. It was no surprise why Danny, our North Wash canyoneering guide chose Hogwarts Canyon as one of the first canyons of our trip. The CRITR3's unique design minimizes rope twists on single line. Step over the rope so it runs by your right side (reverse if left-handed). Yes. I was taught that the belay loop was for attaching other items to, for example, a cord that connects to a belay device. Formational Process Formation. The most common and widely-accepted theory is that the word is of African descent, and traveled to the United States with enslaved African American men and women in the 17th and 18th centuries. Below are the best belay devices that made our short list. Click to expand. It is an essential device for climbing safety. Prussicks are independent of the rap device, autoblocks require the rap device to work properly. 20 On Sale. Unit price / per . Shop our ATC Guide, ATC XP & more belaying & rappelling gear. CONTACT US 800-513-7455. Page 2 Warning! HOODOO All users must read and understand Instructions prior to. Philips aims to address all affected devices within the scope of this correction as expeditiously as possible. This list will make it much easier to find one that's right for you. Update: Read this article we wrote about different devices specific to canyoneering, such as the Hoodoo-SL, Imlay Critr2, and the Bluu Gnome Sqwurel. A helmet. Now the canyon deepens dramatically over a series of lips and benches. 8 out of 5 stars 750. 21. View was of construction but that couldn't have been helped since we had the last available room. There are all kinds of rappel devices. Imlay Mystery Hybrid Pack. The principle slot is large enough to double or triple your single rope to increase frictions for slow descent. The common system of rappelling with the device attached to the belay loop and the back up attached to the leg loop of the harness can be effective, but is hard to adjust so. You clip the autoblock lower than the rappel device,. Once you have the cordelette tied in place, use the following steps to tie your prussik: Take the cordelette and hold it perpendicular to the rappel line, with the rappel line in the middle of the cordelette loop. 7 out of 5 stars 2,603climber. See full list on scoutorama. Usually, two of us would work on the route while the other two hiked. A 6mm pre-sewn Prussik cord, with 4 wraps was in place as an autoblock or conditional belay. It is a short and fun canyon, a great addition to fill a few hours in the day. 95. Lots of options allow careful adjustment of friction while on rappel. [How To] Use A Figure 8 Delay Device - YouTube. Note: knowledge base is still under development. Azarxis 35 kN 50 kN Climbing Rescue Figure 8 Descender Large Bent-Ear Rigging Plate Heavy Duty & High Strength Rappel Device Equipment for Rappelling Belaying Tree Climbing Aerial. Edelrid. 3 What Rescue Professionals Use: CMI Rescue 8. only). Ensure that you have a rappelling belay and that the belayer is paying attention. CRITR3 !!! Critrs in four colors available for immediate shipment. Nice, you're now secured to the upper rope with your tether. 95 (Save. You can wrap the rope around your wrist once, and then hold it tightly. 95 Free 2 Day Shipping. Summary: 1. Color: Quantity: Add To Cart. Suitable for Belaying. Black Diamond ATC XP - Best Value. The Hoodoo works great with both double rope and single rope technique. Once you’re safely clipped into the next anchors or on the ground, unclip the biner from the device and ropes, and then quickly clip just the device again, pulling it free from the ropes. Create a friction hitch: Tie a friction hitch on the rope above the rappel device. Belay devices, at their core, are meant to provide friction within a system to allow you to safely handle someone’s weight when they’re climbing. However, we opted to rappel down as the walls and boulders are too slippery. 5mm, so 6mm ropes fall outside the recommended range. In 2019, Petzl released the newest version, and we think it’s the best overall belay device available in 2023. HOODOO CANYONEERING RAPPEL DEVICE The Hoodoo was engineered specifically for the dynamic friction demands of Technical Canyoneering. 5-10. Lower yourself and your partner onto the cordelette and go off rappel. Prusik knots are sometimes used as a rappel backup knot either below or above your rappel device. BG GEAR - SQWUREL4 Best Rappel Device (for long rappels) EVER! New and Improved 4th Edition !!!Sqwurel - canyoneering rappel device with quick, simple on-the-fly friction adjustmentAfter using my prototype for a. Position the carabiner used with your rappel device so that it is clipped through the two legs of the sling. Monday - Friday 10:00 - 6:00 MST. Similar HMPE construction, same CE EN 564 certification, same diameter, both are hyperstatic (less than 2% elongation), both work with Tibloc and micro traction but the PUR is lighter than the RAD (20g/m vs 22g/m) and most. 2. The ATC works exceptionally well on ropes 10mm or thicker. In June 2021, after discovering a potential health risk related to the foam in certain CPAP, BiPAP and Mechanical Ventilator devices, Philips Respironics issued a voluntary Field Safety Notice (outside U. Explore and shop Black Diamond belay rappel gear including our ATC Guide and ATC XP. 2. Photograph copyright Stewart M. The Munter Hitch is reliable, assuming you set it up correctly. An autoblock is a piece of rope or a sling that is wrapped around the brake side of the rappel rope. 5; half ropes: 7. 00 Regular price. A rappel or belay device. Canyoneering is a dangerous activity. Descent devices must also be matched together with other equipment that is being used. I'll absolutely be purchasing one of the aforementioned rappel devices and thoroughly learning how and when to use it going forward. 111 N. 448 reviews. The GriGri is especially. Best of all, it allows you to add and remove friction while abseiling. El Diablo Rappel Device - CMI Regular price $43. Eddy Cartaya pulls ahead of the group, a stony expression on his face. Zimbabwe ($) USD. It allows the to rotate freely, preventing twists from forming. What is the Best Rappel Device for Canyoneering? As mentioned in this article, I used to prefer using an 8 Ring as my primary rappel device. 95Sale price:$11. Hoodoo For Beginners: Working Magic Spells in Rootwork and Conjure with Roots, Herbs, Candles, and Oils (Hoodoo for Life Book 1) Angelie Belard 4. 9) Dispose of the work in a ritually appropriate manner when the conjuration is completed. $14. You need almost all of the basic equipment that you normally use when you're rock climbing to safely and efficiently rappel. New items. It accommodates most rope diameters: single rope 8. Hoodoos range in size from the height of an average human to heights exceeding a 10-story building. Getting Down Without a Rappelling Device Technical Crap The Munter Hitch This is my preferred method of rappelling without a rappel device. deathtointernet. Grab the braking end (the end below your rappel device) of the rope in your right hand and NEVER LET GO until you reach the bottom. 9 to 9.